What Is Colonoscopy?
Colonoscopy is a procedure used to examine the inner lining of your large intestine, also known as the colon. It helps doctors detect and prevent certain diseases by identifying abnormalities that may require further evaluation or treatment. Colonoscopy is used for the detection and prevention of colorectal cancer, one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. It allows for the removal of polyps thereby preventing the progression of the polyps to colon cancer. In addition, it is used for diagnosis and exclusions of conditions that may cause gastrointestinal symptoms. Despite sounding intimidating, it is vital to maintaining your digestive health.
What Happens During a Colonoscopy?
During the procedure, you will lie on your left side with one or both knees raised toward your chest. Your doctor will examine your anus and use a gloved finger to check your rectum. A lubricated flexible tube called a colonoscope is then gently inserted into your rectum and navigated through the colon and if needed to the terminal portion of the small intestine. The colonoscope has a tiny camera on its tip, which transmits live images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to examine the colon’s lining for abnormalities, polyps, or signs of disease. If needed, the doctor can remove polyps or biopsy any abnormalities during the colonoscopy.
How to Prepare for Your Colonoscopy?
Proper preparation is essential for a successful colonoscopy. Your doctor will provide specific instructions, which usually include changes to your diet for 2-3 days before the procedure. You may be asked to avoid certain foods and drink a special solution to cleanse your colon thoroughly. Following these instructions diligently ensures a clear view of your colon during the examination.
Are You Awake for a Colonoscopy?
Most colonoscopies are performed with sedation to help you relax and reduce any discomfort. As a result of the sedation some patients fall asleep. However, in patients who are not asleep, the sedation makes the procedure more comfortable and many don’t remember much afterwards.
What to Expect After the Procedure?
After the colonoscopy, you will need time to recover from the sedation effects. You might feel groggy or bloated, but this should pass relatively quickly. Having someone accompany you home is normal since the sedation can temporarily impair your reflexes and judgment.
How Painful Is a Colonoscopy?
The procedure itself is not typically painful due to the sedation provided. Some patients might experience mild discomfort or cramps during the examination, but most find it tolerable. Remember that the primary goal is to ensure your comfort and safety during the procedure.
At What Age Is a Colonoscopy Recommended?
The recommended age to start screening for colorectal cancer may vary based on individual risk factors and family history. However, for most people with an average risk of colorectal cancer, screening usually begins at ages 45-50. If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or certain risk factors, your doctor might recommend starting earlier or having more frequent screenings. For additional information see our section on Screening Colonoscopy and Colon Cancer Screening.
A colonoscopy is crucial for detecting and preventing colorectal diseases, including cancer. Though it may sound intimidating, the process is generally well-tolerated, and the benefits of early detection far outweigh any temporary discomfort. By following your doctor’s instructions and undergoing regular screenings based on your risk profile, you are taking an active step towards maintaining your digestive health and overall well-being.
