What Is Jaundice?
Jaundice is a medical condition characterised by the yellowing of the skin and eyes. This happens when the liver cannot properly process bilirubin, a waste product formed when red blood cells break down. Instead of being eliminated, excess bilirubin accumulates in the bloodstream, leading to yellow discolouration. Understanding jaundice is crucial as it can be a symptom of various underlying health issues.
The intensity of the yellow colour may vary, depending on the underlying cause and the severity of jaundice. In some cases, the yellow discolouration can be quite pronounced, while in others, it may be more subtle.
What Are the Common Causes of Jaundice?
Some common causes of jaundice are:
- Hemolytic anaemia – Certain conditions can accelerate the breakdown of red blood cells, such as autoimmune disorders or inherited conditions like sickle cell disease.
- Viral hepatitis – Infections with hepatitis viruses (such as Hepatitis A, B, or C) can cause liver inflammation and disrupt its normal function.
- Alcoholic liver disease – Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage and impaired bilirubin processing.
- Cirrhosis – Chronic liver disease, often resulting from long-term alcohol abuse or hepatitis, can lead to liver scarring and dysfunction.
- Gallstones – These are solid particles that can form in the gallbladder or bile ducts, obstructing the normal flow of bile and bilirubin.
- Bile duct obstruction – Tumors, inflammation, or scarring of the bile ducts can block the passage of bile and cause jaundice.
- Pancreatic cancer – Tumors in the pancreas can press on the bile ducts, causing obstruction and jaundice.
When to Seek Medical Help?
Seeking medical help promptly is crucial if you or someone else experiences jaundice or any yellowing of the skin or eyes. Jaundice is a symptom of an underlying health issue, and in some cases, it may indicate a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention. Here are some specific situations when you should seek medical help:
- Yellowing of the Skin or Eyes – If you notice a yellowish tint in your skin, eyes, or the mucous membranes (inside the mouth or nose), you must see a doctor. Even if the discolouration appears mild, it should not be ignored.
- Worsening Jaundice – If the yellowing becomes more pronounced or seems to worsen rapidly, it could indicate a more severe problem that requires urgent evaluation.
- Abdominal pain/Fever- If jaundice is accompanied by other concerning symptoms, such as abdominal pain, fever, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or confusion, it may indicate a more complex medical condition such as infection or liver failure that needs immediate attention.
- Confusion – if jaundice is accompanied by confusion or lethargy this may be a sign of liver failure and prompt evaluation is needed.
- Recent Travel or Exposure to Infectious Agents – If you’ve recently travelled to areas where certain infections are prevalent or have been exposed to viruses like hepatitis, it’s essential to inform your doctor. Certain infections can cause jaundice; early detection is crucial for appropriate treatment.
- Pre-existing Medical Conditions – If you have pre-existing liver or gallbladder conditions, or if you are undergoing treatment for any liver-related issue, any new onset of jaundice should be reported to your doctor right away.
Jaundice is a symptom and not a diagnosis in itself. It’s essential to consult a doctor who can conduct a thorough evaluation, take a detailed medical history, and perform any necessary tests to determine the underlying cause of jaundice.
What Are the Diagnostic Procedures to Identify Causes?
Doctors may conduct various diagnostic tests to identify the specific cause of jaundice. These can include blood tests to measure levels of bilirubin and liver enzymes, imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI to assess the liver and bile ducts, and sometimes a liver biopsy to evaluate the liver tissue. These tests help doctors determine the underlying condition and plan appropriate treatment.
Why It’s Important to Share Detailed Symptoms With the Doctor?
Sharing detailed symptoms with the doctor is crucial when experiencing jaundice or other medical conditions. Specific information about the onset, intensity, and accompanying symptoms of jaundice can assist healthcare professionals in making an accurate diagnosis. This, in turn, allows for timely and appropriate treatment, leading to better outcomes and improved overall well-being.
