What Is Constipation?
Constipation is a condition characterised by irregular bowel movements, typically fewer than three per week. During constipation, the stool becomes hard and dry, making it difficult to pass. This happens because the colon absorbs too much water from the stool, causing it to become compacted and slow-moving through the intestines.
Constipation is a common digestive issue that affects people of all ages. It occurs when bowel movements become infrequent or challenging, leading to discomfort and difficulty passing stool. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and when to seek medical assistance can help manage this condition effectively.
What Are the Common Causes of Constipation?
Constipation can occur due to various factors. Some of the common causes include:
- Low Fibre Diet – A diet lacking in fibre can lead to constipation. Fibre adds bulk to the stool, making it easier to pass through the intestines. Insufficient fibre intake can result in hard, dry stools that are difficult to expel.
- Inadequate Water Intake – Not drinking enough water can cause dehydration, leading to the colon absorbing more water from the stool. This can result in dry and compacted stool, causing constipation.
- Lack of Physical Activity – Regular physical activity helps stimulate the muscles in the intestines, promoting bowel movements. A sedentary lifestyle or lack of exercise can slow the digestive process and contribute to constipation.
- Ignoring the Urge to Have a Bowel Movement – Ignoring the natural urge to have a bowel movement can disrupt the body’s natural rhythm, leading to constipation over time.
- Medications – Some medications, such as certain painkillers (opioids), antacids containing aluminium or calcium, antispasmodics, and certain antidepressants, can cause constipation as a side effect.
- Medical Conditions – Certain medical conditions can contribute to constipation. Examples include irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), hypothyroidism, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and neurological disorders.
- Pregnancy – Hormonal changes during pregnancy, along with the pressure on the intestines from the growing uterus, can lead to constipation in some expectant mothers.
- Ageing – As people age, the digestive system can slow down, leading to a higher likelihood of constipation.
- Overuse of Laxatives – Ironically, excessive use of laxatives can make the intestines dependent on them, leading to constipation when not using them.
- Bowel Obstruction – Physical blockages in the intestines, such as tumours or strictures, can cause constipation by preventing the smooth flow of stool.
How Does Constipation Feel Like?
Constipation can cause various uncomfortable sensations and symptoms. Individuals experiencing constipation may describe the following feelings:
- Abdominal Discomfort – Constipation often leads to a sense of abdominal fullness and discomfort. This discomfort may range from mild to severe and may be localised in different abdominal areas.
- Bloating – Many people with constipation report feeling bloated, as if their abdomen is swollen or distended. This sensation is due to the accumulation of gas and stool in the intestines.
- Cramping – Constipation can cause spasms in the intestines, leading to cramping or sharp, intermittent pains in the abdominal region.
- Straining During Bowel Movements – Because the stool becomes hard and dry, passing it requires more effort and straining during bowel movements. This straining can be uncomfortable and frustrating.
- Feeling of Incomplete Emptying – Even after having a bowel movement, individuals with constipation might feel like they haven’t fully emptied their bowels. This lingering sensation can be distressing.
- Small, Hard Stools – Constipation typically results in small, lumpy, and hard stools that are difficult to pass. These stools require more time and effort during bowel movements.
- Sensation of “Blocked” or “Blocked Up” – Some individuals may describe the feeling of being “blocked” or “blocked up” in their lower abdomen due to the difficulty of passing stool.
- Disrupted Bowel Habits – People with constipation may notice a change in their regular bowel habits, such as fewer bowel movements per week or irregularity in their usual schedule.
When to Seek Medical Help?
Seeking medical help for constipation is essential in certain situations to ensure proper evaluation, and management, and to rule out any serious underlying conditions. Here are some instances when it’s advisable to seek medical assistance:
- Persistent Constipation – If constipation persists for over two weeks despite trying home remedies or over-the-counter laxatives, it’s time to consult a healthcare professional. Chronic constipation may indicate an underlying issue that requires investigation.
- Severe Pain – If constipation is accompanied by severe abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating that doesn’t improve with self-care measures, it’s crucial to seek medical attention promptly. Severe pain could indicate a more serious problem.
- Blood in Stool – Blood in the stool, whether bright red or dark and tarry, should never be ignored. It could be a sign of bleeding in the digestive tract, and a doctor should evaluate this symptom promptly.
- Unexplained Weight Loss – If constipation is associated with unexplained weight loss, it might indicate an underlying medical condition that needs attention.
- Recurrent Vomiting – Constipation accompanied by recurrent vomiting could indicate a bowel obstruction, which requires immediate medical evaluation.
- Changes in Bowel Habits – If you experience a sudden change in your bowel habits, especially if you are older than 45, such as experience a sudden change in your bowel habits, such as new onset constipation, diarrhoea, or a change in stool appearance, it’s advisable to see a doctor. These changes warrant further investigation to rule out potential colorectal issues.
- Family History of Colorectal Cancer – If you have a family history of colorectal cancer or other significant digestive disorders, it’s prudent to discuss any digestive symptoms, including constipation, with your healthcare provider.
- New Onset in Elderly Individuals – For older adults, new-onset constipation should be taken seriously, as it can be linked to various health issues and medication side effects.
What Are the Diagnostic Procedures to Identify Causes?
When experiencing chronic or severe constipation, a doctor might perform diagnostic procedures to identify the underlying causes. This can include medical history assessments, physical examinations, and blood tests to check for thyroid function and other potential health issues. In some cases, imaging studies like X-rays or colonoscopies may be recommended to visualise the colon and identify any obstructions or abnormalities.
Why It’s Important to Share Detailed Symptoms With the Doctor?
Openly sharing detailed symptoms with the doctor is crucial for an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Constipation can result from various causes, and individuals may experience it differently. By providing comprehensive information about symptoms, bowel habits, lifestyle, and other relevant factors, the doctor can make a more informed decision regarding the appropriate course of action, leading to better outcomes and improved digestive health. Remember, discussing sensitive topics like bowel movements is a common part of medical practice, and your doctor is there to help you achieve optimal health and well-being.
