Endoscopy and gastroscopy are medical procedures that involve the use of a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera to examine the interior of the body. While both procedures are related, they differ in their scope and focus. In this article, we will explore the distinctions between endoscopy and gastroscopy.
What is Endoscopy?
Endoscopy is a broad term referring to a medical procedure utilizing an endoscope—a long, flexible tube with a light and camera—to visualize and examine various organs and structures within the body. Derived from Greek words meaning “within” and “to look at,” endoscopy serves as a versatile diagnostic and therapeutic tool. It allows physicians to explore the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive organs, joints, and more. This procedure enables the visualization of abnormalities, biopsy collection, and certain medical interventions without major surgery.
What are the Types of Endoscopies?
There are many types of endoscopies, and they are named according to the parts of the body being examined. For example:
- Arthroscopy: An arthroscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to visualized and inspect a joint through a small incision.
- Bronchoscopy: A bronchoscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to visualize and inspect the inside of the bronchial tubes (airways) and lungs.
- Colonoscopy: A colonoscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to examine the colon and rectum.
- Colposcopy: A colposcopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to examine the cervix.
- Cystoscopy: A cystoscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to examine the inside of the bladder and the urethra.
- Hysteroscopy: A hysteroscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to examine the uterus.
- Laryngoscopy: A laryngoscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure used to examine the larynx (voice box).
- Oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (OGD): An OGD is a type of endoscopic procedure used to examine the oesophagus (food pipe), stomach and duodenum (first part of the small intestine). It is commonly referred to as a gastroscopy or upper endoscopy.
Can the Term Endoscopy be Used Interchangeably with Gastroscopy?
While strictly speaking, endoscopy is an umbrella term for various procedures using an endoscope, and gastroscopy is a specific type focusing on the upper gastrointestinal tract, informally, some doctors may use “endoscopy” interchangeably with “gastroscopy,” causing potential confusion.
What is Gastroscopy?
Gastroscopy is a specific type of endoscopic procedure focused on the examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract. “Gastroscopy” is a misnomer as the complete exam typically includes the inspection of the duodenum (first part of the small intestine), oesophagus in addition to the stomach. Hence it is more accurately termed an oesophago-gastro-duodeno-scopy (OGD). Despite this nomenclature, it is commonly known as gastroscopy, upper endoscopy, or OGD for simplicity.
How is a Gastroscopy Performed?
A gastroscopy is typically performed in a day surgery centre. Before the procedure begins, the patient lies on his/her left side and the patient is given a sedative to minimise any discomfort. Once ready, the doctor gently inserts the lubricated gastroscope through the mouth and guides it down the oesophagus into the stomach and duodenum. The camera on the gastroscope transmits real-time images to a monitor, allowing the doctor to thoroughly examine the lining of the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum.
How do I Prepare for a Gastroscopy?
Preparing for gastroscopy is straightforward. Your doctor will provide specific instructions tailored to your needs. You will need to fast for a certain period before the procedure, typically 6 to 8 hours. This ensures your stomach is empty, allowing the endoscope a clear view of your upper gastrointestinal tract.
How Painful is a Gastroscopy?
Most gastroscopies are performed with sedation to help you relax and reduce any discomfort. Many patients do not recall doing the gastroscopy after it was done. It is usually not a painful procedure though some might experience some mild discomfort or gagging sensation as the gastroscope is inserted.
How Long Does a Gastroscopy Take?
A gastroscopy takes about 5-10minutes however patient should be prepared to be at the day surgery centre for 2-3hrs to allow for registration, procedure, and recovery time. After the procedure, the patient is monitored for about 1-2 hours before being discharged.
When do you Need a Gastroscopy?
Gastroscopy is indicated for investigating symptoms and conditions related to the upper gastrointestinal tract. Common indications for gastroscopy include:
- Dyspepsia: Persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort in the upper abdomen.
- Gastrointestinal bleeding: Identification and treatment of the source of bleeding.
- Gastric ulcers: Examination and assessment of the severity of ulcers in the stomach lining.
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD): Evaluation of the oesophagus and identification of complications.
- Unexplained weight loss: Investigation into potential causes within the upper gastrointestinal tract.
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia): Examination of the oesophagus for abnormalities affecting swallowing.
Gastroscopy is a vital tool for diagnosing and managing various upper gastrointestinal disorders, providing valuable information for treatment planning and ongoing patient care.
In summary, while endoscopy encompasses diverse procedures using an endoscope, gastroscopy is a specific type concentrating on the upper gastrointestinal tract. Both procedures are integral to modern medicine, offering minimally invasive approaches for diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of various medical conditions.
